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一.分类练习

(一)时间状语从句

1.The party was wonderful. It’s years____ I enjoyed myself so much. (MET93)

A. after B. before C. when D. since

2.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ____Father was away in France. A. as B. that C. during D. if

3.She thought I was talking about her daughter,____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while

4.Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already? (NMET98)

A. that B. where C. which D. when

5.Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up____ I could answer the phone. (NMET2000)

A. when B. before C. as D. until

6. We were told that we should follow the main road ___ we reached the central railway station. (2004高考.辽宁卷)

A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever

7. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.(MET90)

A. With B. As C. While D. Since

(二)条件状语从句

1. ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.

A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While

2. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do. (NMET 1998)

A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave

(三)让步状语从句

1. ______, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. (NMET 1997)

A. However late is he B. However he is late

C. However is he late D. However late he is

2. Nobody believed him _____ what he said. (MET 87)

A. even though B. in spite C. no matter D. contrary to (和…相反)

3.You should try to get a good night’s sleep ____ much work you have to do.

A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever

4.He tried his best to solve the problem, _________ difficult it was. (2005天津)

A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although

(四)地点状语从句

1. You should make it a rule to leave things ____ you can find them again. (NMET99)

A. where B. in which C. there D. here

2. After the war, a new school building was put up ___ there had once been a theatre.

A. that B. where C. which D. when

3. If you are traveling _____ customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where

4.Make a mark ___ you have any question. (MET 86)

A. where B. in which C. there D. which

5.In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ______ there is human suffering.

A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever

(五)原因状语从句

1. ___ you’ve got a chance, you might as well (应该) make full use of it. (NMET99)

A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as

二. 综合

1. We’ll have to finish the job, _______. (NMET 99)

A. long it takes however B. it takes however long

C. long however it takes D. however long it takes

2. --- Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed (欠) her?

---Yes. I gave it to her ____ I saw her. (2001春)

A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once

3. ---How far apart do they live?

---____ I know, they live in the same neighbourhood (居民区). (2003上海)

A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as

4. _______ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. ( 07山东 29 )

A. Since B. As C. If D. While

5. I’d like to study law at university ______my cousin prefers geography.

A. though B. as C. while D. for

6. I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. as

7. It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester. (2004高考.天津卷)

A. that B. until C. since D. before

8. --- Did Jack come back early last night?

--- Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ______ he arrived home. (2005福建卷)

A. before B. when C. that D. until

9. Scientists say it may be five or six years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. (2004高考.福建卷)

A. since B. after C. before D. when

10. A dozen ideas were considered _____ the chief architect (建筑师) decided on the design (图纸) of the building. (2006上海卷)

A. because B. before C. whether D. unless

11. --- How long do you think it will be _____ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

--- Perhaps two or three years. (2006福建卷)

A. when B. until C. that D. before

12. It was some time _______ we realized the truth. (2005山东卷)

A. when B. until C. since D. before

13. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. (07 安徽21 )

A. after B. before C. since D. when

14. He was told that it would be at least three more months____ he could recover and return to work. (07江西29 )

A. when B. before C. since D. that

15. --- Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

--- He rushed out of the room ______ I could say a word. (2006 四川)

A. before B. until C. when D. after

16.It is known to all that ______ you exercise regularly (经常), you won’t keep good health. A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if

17. ______ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. (2006北京)

A. Unless B. Although C. When D. Because

18. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ____ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. (07 湖南 33)

A. why B. how C. unless D. where

19. You must keep on working in the evening _____ you are sure you can finish the task in time. A. as B. if C. when D. unless

20. I won’t call you,______ something unexpected happens. (07全国卷II 26)

A. unless B. whether C. because D. while

21. ---Dad, I’ve finished my assignment (作业).

---Good, and ___ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me. (2003上海)

A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter

22. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______ we’ve actually had that lesson. (07 天津8) A. until B. after C. since D. when

23. “ You can’t have this football back ______ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. (2006广东卷)

A. because B. since C. when D. until

24. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______they knew it to be valuable.

A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that

25. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ______ they are different from your own. A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though

26. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house_____ there is a power cut. (07重庆 22 )

A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that

27. Leave your key with a neighbor _____you lock yourself out one day.

A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case

28. You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ___ you have to wait. A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that

29. He transplanted the little tree to the garden ____ it was the best time for it.

(2005上海卷) A. where B. when C. that D. until

30. You will be successful in the interview _____ you have confidence.

(07福建 29 ) A. before B. once C. until D. though

31. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. (2004上海卷)

A. when B. while C. since D. once

32. He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.(2006辽宁卷) A. why B. where C. when D. while

33. _____, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(07 重庆34 )

A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound

34. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

(2003上海) A. when taking B. when taken

C. when to take D. when to be taken

35. --- Mom, what did your doctor say?

--- He advised me to live _______ the air is fresher. (2006四川卷)

A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where

状语从句答案

一.分类练习

(一)时间状语从句: DADDBBB

(二)条件状语从句: CD

(三)让步状语从句: DCAA

(四)地点状语从句: ABDAD

(五)原因状语从句: A

二. 综合

1---5. DBBDC 6---10 BDBCB 11---15 DDBBA 16---20 AACDA

21 –25 BADCB 26-30 CDCBB 31-35 ACDBD

一、 复合句的种类

英语的复合句一般分为三大类型:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。

(一) 名词性从句

在整个复合句中起名词作用,充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等的各种从句,统称为名词性从句。名词性从句主要有以下几种:

1. that 引导的从句 e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan to buy a private car. (据报道,三分之一的广州市民打算购买私家车。)

2. whether/if 引导的从句 e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou has become an issue of controversy.(广州是否禁摩托车成了有争议的话题。)

3. how/why/when/where引导的从句 e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many white collar workers suffer from insomnia. (本文将探讨为什么这么多白领失眠的原因。)

4. who/whom/whose/what/which引导的从句 e.g. Who should be responsible for the environmental degradation is still unknown.(谁对环境恶化负责还不清楚。)

(二) 形容词性从句

具有形容词功能,在复合句中做定语的从句被称之为形容词性从句或定语从句。被修饰的名词、词组或代词被称为先行词。形容词性从句分为两种类型:

(1)由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的从句。 例如: People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical. (强烈反对克隆人的人们认为这样做不道德和不合伦理)

(2)由关系副词when, where, why引导的从句。例如: I would like to analyze the reasons why a growing number of teenagers are addicted to gambling.(我将分析为什么越来越多的青少年沉迷于的原因。)

(三) 副词性从句

副词性从句也称为状语从句,主要用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语。大致分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

(1)时间状语从句 e.g. When everyone is fully aware of the severity of fresh water scarcity and takes effective measures, I am convinced that we will tackle this problem constructively.(当每个人充分意识到淡水短缺的严重性,并采取有效措施,我相信我们一定能妥善解决好这个问题。)

(2) 地点状语从句 e.g. Where there is smoke, there is fire.(无风不起浪)

(3) 原因状语从句 e.g. Pets should be forbidden because they may spread diseases and damage the cityscape.(应该禁止饲养宠物,因为它们可能会传播疾病和有损市容。)

(4) 目的状语从句 e.g. Old people should be encouraged to live in a nursing house so that they can enjoy professional care and first-rate facilities. (应当鼓励老人到敬老院居住,这样他们可以享受到专业的照料和一流的设施。)

(5) 结果状语从句 e.g. Some government officials fail to recognize the potential hazards of improper waste disposal, so that the environment in some cities is deteriorating.(一些政府官员未能认识到垃圾处理不当带来的潜在危害,因此一些城市的环境不断恶化。)

(6) 条件状语从句 e.g. If we continue to overlook the increasing waste in Guangzhou, it is likely that Guangzhou will become a huge landfill site sooner or later.(如果我们继续无视广州日益增多的垃圾,有可能不久的将来广州将成为巨大的垃圾填埋场。)

(7)让步状语从句 e.g. While I admit that smoking has some side-effects, I still feel that it is ridiculous to ban smoking in public places.(虽然我承认吸烟有副作用,我依然觉得公共场所禁烟是荒唐的。)

(8) 比较状语从句 e.g. Red is two times as much as Blue.(红色是蓝色的两倍。)

(9) 方式状语从句 e.g. Just as we protect less able human beings, so we should safeguard the welfare of other weaker species.(正如我们保护弱者一样,我们也应该保护弱势物种的.福利。)

二、如何高效运用复合句写好引言段

Well begun is half done是大家耳熟能详的英语谚语。也就是说,一个漂亮的开头,往往是文章写作成功的一半。尤其在雅思和新托福写作考试中,好的开头往往能够在瞬间吸引考官眼球,留下良好的第一印象。那么,我们怎样才能写漂亮的引言段呢?首先,我们要做到开门见山,明确写作话题和目的。如何才能做到开门见山?我们可以采用以下几种方式:

1. 采用统计数字引出话题,把问题呈现在读者面前;

2. 提出有争议性的问题,激发读者兴趣,使其积极参与讨论;

3. 以新颖的观点,吸引读者注意力;

4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;

5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;

6. 对将要讨论的话题进行定义。

其次,要善于运用复合句,从而使引言段简洁明了,开宗明义。下面我们将探讨雅思与新托福各种题材和体裁文章引言段的写作方法。

(一) 引用数据呈现讨论的话题,说明问题的严重性或者重要性,引起读者的关注。下面我们结合几道雅思和新托福作文话题进行实战演练。

我们在写关于体罚的话题文章时,可以这样开头:It is reported that a boy in Zhuhai was beaten to death by his father on Father’ Day. Ample evidence also shows that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished. Teachers, parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this issue.(据报道,在父亲节那天,珠海有个小男孩被老爸揍死了。充分的证据也显示,经常遭父母或老师虐待的小孩往往比较内向、悲观、冷漠甚至厌世。近来,关于是否应该废除体罚出现了一场激烈的争论,老师、家长和专家各执一词。)

而我们在写关于该不该禁烟的话题时,可以这样开头:A recent study conducted by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing sharply over the past five years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been in the spotlight. (中山大学最近做的一个研究表明,在过去五年里,吸烟者人数急剧上升。研究结果同时显示,吸烟导致的疾病发病率也急剧增长。因此,禁烟成了个热点话题。)

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的`常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:

1. 时间状语从句

常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.

No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

2. 地点状语从句

常用引导词:where

特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

Wherever you go, you should work hard.

3. 原因状语从句

常用引导词:because, since, as, since

特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.

Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.

The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

4. 目的状语从句

常用引导词:so that, in order that

特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

5. 结果状语从句

常用引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that,

特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

6. 条件状语从句

常用引导词:if, unless,

特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

7. 让步状语从句

常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

He won’t listen whatever you may say.

8. 比较状语从句

常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

The house is three times as big as ours.

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。

9. 方式状语从句

常用引导词:as, as if, how

特殊引导词:the way

When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

She behaved as if she were the boss.

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

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